To assure a high level of accuracy, search engines will not add all discovered webpages to the index database, as the information within the discovered webpages should have a value (e.g. The result of the crawling process is sent back to the global search index, which is a gigantic database organizing all discovered contents in a way that facilitate easy information retrieval. Symbolic diagram showing how search engines crawl the Surface Web in order to create a gigantic index. When a web spider discovers a new page, it follows all hyperlinks. Think of the crawler as an automated script that travels across the web to discover new content. To create these index databases, search engines use web crawlers, also known as web spiders or bots. By the way, this is different to the way of working of our Federated Search. Instead, it will search within its own database and return relevant results accordingly. When you submit a search query, the search engine will not perform the search directly across the web. To know what we mean by the term “indexed”, we should understand how search engines work. Surface WebĪlso known as the Visible Web, this is the portion of the web which is accessible by the general public when you run a web search using regular search engines such as Google and Yahoo! The content of the Surface Web is intentionally indexed by search engines, so its contents can be found easily compared with other internet layers. Knowing how to search within each layer is considered a key skill for any serious OSINT investigator. This article is dedicated to describing the main layers that constitute the WWW which is: This collection of public information opens numerous opportunities for OSINT gatherings to conduct all types of online investigations, as shown in our previous articles on Social Media Investigations or on OSINT tools. You can expect that all layers will grow within the next 10 years. The increased number of internet users will produce a huge amount of digital data from their interactions in cyberspace. This is a huge number and is expected to reach 7.5 billion Internet users by 2030 (this is equal to 90 percent of the projected world population of 8.5 billion, 6 years of age and older) according to Cybersecurity Ventures. According to Statista, almost 4.57 billion people were active internet users as of April 2020, encompassing 59 percent of the global population. Let’s proceed with some interesting facts: The number of people accessing the Internet is accelerating at an explosive rate. data rate: 100 MBit/sec is not bandwidth! This always reminds me of the discussion bandwidth vs.
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